学习期 2021-07-02 13:42:50
托福阅读备考的一个重点就是学习阅读10大题型各自的应对解题技巧。许多同学之所以阅读解题效率低下正确率不高,今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读难点题型答题思路,希望能够帮助到大家,一起来学习吧。
托福阅读难点题型答题思路
托福阅读推理题题型介绍
托福阅读推理题可分为两类:有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题
这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位,然后进行推理。一般来说,大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题,也就是题干中无线索,一般使用排除法,即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位,通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点,采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。
托福阅读推理题解题信息点讲解
托福阅读解题需要注意这些信息点:
1. 日期和数字
2. 各类关键词
表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词:may, can , could…;表示过去的:used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的: not only ,not exclusively等。
托福阅读推理题3种具体解题思路分析
1、一般对比推理:根据两个事情的对比特征,问其中一个事物的特征,只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、时间对比推理:在这种推理中,一般有两个形成对比的时间段,它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时,只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理 :一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比,两者之间存在着互补性关系,也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之,相同。
托福阅读推理题解题思路实例讲解
上面说的可能比较抽象,我们来看一个例子:
例如:Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
文中指出:非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降,所以(B)为正确答案
进行日常托福阅读训练的方法
1、多阅读英文文章
我们成为extensive reading。阅读考试考察的是我们的理解文章能力,这个能力不是一天就训练的出来,是要经过长期积累而产生的。平时的练习就是一种锻炼,一种积累,要用正确的阅读方法和解题方法,这样每天的练习,就是不断的强化,长此以往,在考场上才能得心应手,不慌不忙,从容应对考试,考出高分来。多读英文文章会增强阅读能力,可以加快阅读速度,扩大我们的词汇量。这样的话在就可以减少在考场上推测生词意思上时间的花费了。节省下来的时间久可以用来更好低理解文章了。
2、读一些比较深度的文章(challenging reading)
在时间宽裕情况下,建议读一些内容较深的文章,不认识的单词可以查字典并记录下来。托福的文章大多是大学程度的,需要我们平时进行一些有难度的训练,才能跟上节奏。
3、多去阅读一些常见大学科目的文章
如科学、科技、历史、政治、文化、文学、艺术、人物传记等方面的题材,自己在平时进行课外阅读时可以有意识地躲涉猎一些,这个就不用英语了,可以看中文的,我们的目的是要了解这方面的知识。比如说科技领域里面,正流行的是什么,未来发展的趋势是哪里,这些我们都要基本了解,因为很多阅读文章都是从这个方向上出题的,我们不可能了解的很深入,研究得彻底,至少做到心中有数,知道存在这样东西或这个事件,能有兴趣知道来龙去脉就更好了。虽然说托福的设计原则是让一个对文章主题所涉及的主题没有这方面知识的人,也能成功作答。但是如果你之前对这个主题有所了解,那么你就比其他同学对文章理解的更加彻底了,回答更能得心应手了。
托福写作结尾段构成元素
1. 再次陈述主题。用 paraphrase 方式再次呈现主题陈述中出现的三要素: a.问题中存在争议的地方; b.观点;c.理由。
2. 结束句。放在陈述完主题之后。
托福写作辅导提出结尾段结束句的三种常见写法:
一. 托福作文的后总结教训或提出建议
In conclusion, whether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creativity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.
二. 提出令人忧虑的结果或可能出现的负面结果
假设读者没有想作者说的那样去做,在结论中提出将会出现的负面结果,帮助读者预见到令人忧虑的后果,进而令读者自然第接受作者的意见。
e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the country. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.
三. 提出问题留待读者思考
In conclusion, it is inevitable for children to commit mistakes at a young age, parents should play their part to instill the importance of good behaviors in their children. Parents should allow children to make small mistakes as a meaningful learning experience. However, what would be like if parents permit their children to commit serious mistakes like theft and robbery?
结尾段常用表达方式:
Finally, thus, in a word, in brief;
In conclusion, to conclude, in the end;
In the final analysis, in a nutshell, on the whole;
To summarize, to encapsulate, in sum, in summary
In light of these facts, considering these ideas
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